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The territory has been inhabited since the Bronze Age as evidenced by the numerous megalithic monuments scattered in the village and surrounding countryside.
The center was formerly a castle of Otranto and hosted a winter quarters of the Roman army. Signs of the Roman presence in Giurdignano are the remains of a necropolis of the Imperial Roman dated back to the II-III century AD found in the locality of Cantalupi. With the Byzantine domination of Salento, it was visited by Italian-Greek monks who left precious testimonies.
Later it was a precious fief with a castle.
In 1192 it became the property of Tancredi of Altavilla, who is deprived of his fief in 1269 by Charles Ist of Anjou. On 23 January 1273 the property was donated in full to the Royal Court.
It was Filippo ofAngiò who made Giurdignano a feuf to his personal physician Giacomo Pipino, feud later confirmed by King Carlo II d'Angiò. In 1373, Giovanni Filippo sold Giurdignano to Giacomo Venturi. It was Giovanni Antonio Orsini del Balzo who stole the feud to the Venturi family then dispose of it, in 1439, to Margherita dell'Acaya who bought it on behalf of his son Buzio De Noha of who she was curator. The latter received the formal investiture of the fief of Giurdignano by the King of Naples, Alfonso d'Aragona.
Giurdignano, still today, preserve some of the oldest traditions of Salento.