On the origins of Taviano still gravitate various hypotheses, but by consulting numerous texts and documents: wall inscriptions, coats of arms, carved signatures of sacred objects, we can assume that there was a presence already in the Neolithic period, as evidenced by some megalithic remains: specchie and menhirs.

Various hypotheses on the origin, have been proposed:

- Some historical studies agree that the country has had Roman origins;

- Luigi Cipolla states that have most remote origins, which date back to the Cretans (900 BC);

- Padre Bonaventura da Lama argues that the Roman origin can be attributed at the time of the Roman Republic (267 BC), when the Salento was conquered and subdued in Rome;

- The Arditi, however, dates back to the first century AD, when the Emperor Caesar Octavian was in this area and population, taken by great enthusiasm for his triumphs, he wanted to call the country Octavian, in his honor.

All assumptions, while referring to different periods, are reflected in the country's coat of arms depicting a palm branch.

In 1190, at the time of the Norman Tancredi d'Altavilla, it was given in fief to the captain Ottavio Fuggetta, under whose lordship in the twelfth century, it housed the Basilian Calogeri, who reclaimed the land and founded the Abbey of Santa Maria del Civo.

Taviano subsequently belonged to the Orsini del Balzo, again to Fuggetta, to the Marquis de Franchis, and last Caracciolo, who held it until 1806, date of abolition of the feudal system.

Monuments of interest:

The Church of the Immaculate Conception: adorned with exquisite XVIII century paintings by Liborio Riccio;

The Church of the Addolorata: Baroque, home spendidi gilded wooden altars decorated;

The Mother Church -St. Martin Torres, in which are kept fine paintings by Giovanni Andrea Coppola, depicting the Crucifixion, the Nativity and the Purgatorio;

The palace of the Marquis de Franchis.